What is meningococcal disease, and why is it dangerous?
Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that can cause meningitis – severe swelling of the brain and spinal cord. It can also lead to sepsis – a dangerous and potentially life-threatening blood infection.
The bacteria that cause meningococcal disease are spread through air droplets (eg, coughing, sneezing) and by direct contact with an infected person (eg, sharing a water bottle or drinking glass). It is thought that certain social behaviors involving close personal contact, such as being in crowded situations or hanging out in large groups, may potentially put individuals at risk for getting meningococcal disease.
Meningococcal disease is very dangerous because it often begins with symptoms that can be mistaken for other common viral illnesses such as the flu. But unlike more common infections, meningococcal disease can get worse very rapidly, and it can kill an otherwise healthy young person in 48 hours or less.
Why should you be concerned about meningococcal disease?
Although meningococcal disease is rare, adolescents and young adults are at increased risk.
Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that meningococcal disease rates begin to rise during adolescence and peak between the ages of 15 to 24 years.
Can meningococcal disease be prevented?
While antibiotics are routinely used to treat meningococcal disease following exposure to the bacteria, vaccination can greatly reduce the risk of getting this very serious disease. In fact, up to 83% of the cases in adolescents and young adults are caused by strains of bacteria that are potentially vaccine preventable. The vaccine will help protect against the most common forms of the bacteria that cause meningococcal disease.
Knowing the warning signs of meningococcal disease can be potentially life-saving.
Symptoms include: headache, fever, stiff neck, extreme fatigue, vomiting, light sensitivity, and a rash of small purplish black-red dots.
Remember: Time is critical when it comes to treating meningococcal disease. Contact your doctor or seek medical attention if you suspect meningococcal disease.
The Food and Drug Administration has approved improved meningitis vaccine – Menactra. Indicated for persons 11 to 55 years of age. |
